Yuval Noah Harari is an Israeli medievalist, military historian, public intellectual, and popular science writer.

Adam Smith was a Scottish economist and philosopher who was a pioneer in the field of political economy and key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment.

Born in Nagasaki and raised in Britain from the age of five, **Sir Kazuo Ishiguro** has emerged as one of the most distinctive voices in contemporary literature.

William James Durant was an American historian and philosopher, best known for his eleven-volume work, The Story of Civilization, which contains and details the history of Eastern and Western civilizations.

Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche was a German philosopher and writer who started his career as a classical philologist and turned to philosophy early in his academic career.