Adam Smith was a Scottish economist and philosopher who was a pioneer in the field of political economy and key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment.

William James Durant was an American historian and philosopher, best known for his eleven-volume work, The Story of Civilization, which contains and details the history of Eastern and Western civilizations.

Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche was a German philosopher and writer who started his career as a classical philologist and turned to philosophy early in his academic career.

Marcus Aurelius (April 26, 121 CE – March 17, 180 CE) was a Roman Emperor (161–180 CE) born into a wealthy patrician family in Rome. Raised by his mother and paternal grandfather after his father's death, he is best known for his *Meditations*, a series of private writings on Stoic philosophy that remain a key source for understanding ancient Stoicism.

The School of Life is a British multinational publishing and education company founded in 2008 by British author and public speaker Alain de Botton.

Yuval Noah Harari is an Israeli medievalist, military historian, public intellectual, and popular science writer.