Jerome David Salinger was an American author best known for his 1951 novel The Catcher in the Rye.

Adam Smith was a Scottish economist and philosopher who was a pioneer in the field of political economy and key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment.

Jonathan David Haidt is an American social psychologist and author.

Born in Nagasaki and raised in Britain from the age of five, **Sir Kazuo Ishiguro** has emerged as one of the most distinctive voices in contemporary literature.

French aristocrat and political thinker Alexis Charles Henri de Tocqueville transformed how the world understood democracy through his keen observations of 19th-century America.

Immanuel Kant (April 22, 1724 – February 12, 1804) was a German philosopher born in Königsberg, Germany (now Kaliningrad, Russia), where he also died. A central figure of the Enlightenment and founder of German classical philosophy, he published his landmark work, the *Critique of Pure Reason*, in 1781, seeking to determine the limits and scope of metaphysics and exploring how reason and experience interact with understanding.